![]() L298N Motor Driver IC is a 15-lead high voltage, high current Motor Driver IC with two full bridge drivers. In this project, we will focus on the more advanced L298N Motor Driver and see Arduino DC Motor Control using L298N Motor Driver using PWM technique.Īlso read DC MOTOR CONTROL WITH ARDUINO AND L293D A Brief Note on L298N Motor Driver We have already seen how to control the speed of a DC Motor using L293D in an earlier project. For this purpose, there are dedicated H-Bridge Motor Driver IC available in the market and the two common IC’s are L293D and L298N. It is tedious to use transistors for making an effective H-Bridge connection. PWM technique for speed control and H-Bridge connection for direction control, you can have a complete control on a DC Motor. If the control input A is made HIGH and B is LOW, then transistors Q2 and Q3 will turn on and the flow of current through the motor is reversed and so the direction of the rotation.īy combining both the features i.e. If A is LOW and B is HIGH, transistors Q1 and Q4 will be turned on and allow current to flow through the motor in a particular direction. The two control inputs A and B in the above circuit will determine the direction of rotation of the motor. By activating two particular transistors at the same time, we can control the flow of current through the motor and hence the direction of rotation. The name “H-Bridge” refers to the look of the connection consisting of four transistors and a motor in the center forming the letter “H”.Ī simple H-Bridge connection using four transistors and a motor is shown below. DC Motor Control using H-BridgeĪn H-Bridge is a simple electronic circuit consisting of four switching elements like transistors (BJT or MOSFET) that can drive a motor in both the directions without switching the leads. ![]() For changing the direction of rotation without reversing the leads of the motor every time, you need to use a special circuit called H-Bridge. This circuit is good for controlling the speed of the motor but not an effective way to change the direction of rotation. gradually increases the speed to peak and then gradually decreases the speed to halt. Using this code, the Arduino will vary the speed of a DC Motor in a fading fashion i.e. The code for this circuit is given below. The following image shows a simple circuit diagram, where a PWM output from Arduino is given to a MOSFET and the 12V DC Motor is connected through the MOSFET. The PWM Signal from any source like Arduino in this example, can be given to the gate of a MOSFET and depending on the duty cycle of the PWM Signal, the speed of the DC Motor will vary. Now that we have controlled the average voltage that is to be supplied to a DC Motor, how do we apply this voltage to the motor? Here comes the use of Transistor. sum of ON time and OFF time.ĭuty Cycle is usually expressed in percent and the following figure represents different PWM Signals of a 12V supply with different duty cycles of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% respectively. Duty Cycle of a PWM Signal is nothing but the ratio of the time for which the signal is ON or HIGH to the total time period of the signal i.e. ![]() Now, the average voltage applied to the DC Motor will depend on what is called as the Duty Cycle of the PWM Signal. The frequency of this switching will be in the order of few tens of kilo Hertz. Using PWM technique, the average value of the voltage that is applied to the DC Motor is controlled by turning the power on and off at a very high rate. The Pulse Width Modulation or PWM signal generated by this technique will allow us to control the average voltage that is being delivered to the DC Motor. If you want to control the speed of rotation of a simple DC Motor, then there is a technique called PWM DC Motor Control. reverse the polarity, the motor will rotate in reverse direction. ![]() ![]() It is very simple to operate: connect the two leads of the motor to the two terminals of a battery and voila! Your motor starts rotating. A DC Motor is the simplest of motors that beginners and hobbyists encounter. ![]()
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