Authors are required to include details of all modifications made to images published as figures or uploaded as data in the Methods section of an article, including the name of the software (with version number) used to make these modifications. amplified, removed or obscured) and if figures are composed from images that have come from different sources, such as different gels, or from different parts of the same source, this must be made clear on the figure (e.g. Specific features within an image must not be added or changed (e.g. Brightness, contrasts or color balance may be used to enhance electronic images, but such changes must be applied to the whole image any non-linear adjustments must be made explicit in the figure legend. Datasets published or deposited elsewhere (for example, in figshare, Dryad, etc.) should be listed in the "References" section and the citation to the dataset should follow one of these examples.Įlectronic manipulation of images: The clarity of figures may be improved using image-editing software, but this must be done transparently and without misrepresenting the data (and the original, unaltered source data must be provided with the article).References to trials on a clinical trial database should be as follows:, , In:, Available from.Web links, URLs, and links to the authors’ own websites should be included as hyperlinks within the main body of the article, and not as references.Authors are responsible for getting permission to quote any personal communications from the cited individuals. Unpublished abstracts, papers that have been submitted to a journal but not yet accepted, and personal communications should instead be included in the text they should be referred to as ‘personal communications’ or ‘unpublished reports’ and the researchers involved should be named. Only articles, books and book chapters, datasets and abstracts that have been published or are in press, or are available through public e-print/preprint servers/data repositories, may be cited.Preprints can be cited and listed in the reference list.Journal abbreviations should follow the international ISO 4 standard - using the List of Title Word Abbreviations maintained by the ISSN International Centre.References can be listed in any standard referencing style as long as it is consistent between references within a given article. Preparation, creation and/or presentation of the published work by those from the original research group, specifically critical review, commentary or revision – including pre- or post-publication stages. Preparation, creation and/or presentation of the published work, specifically visualization/data presentation.Ĭreation and/or presentation of the published work, specifically writing the initial draft (including substantive translation). Verification, whether as a part of the activity or separate, of the overall replication/reproducibility of results/experiments and other research outputs. Oversight and leadership responsibility for the research activity planning and execution, including mentorship external to the core team. Programming, software development designing computer programs implementation of the computer code and supporting algorithms testing of existing code components. Provision of study materials, reagents, materials, patients, laboratory samples, animals, instrumentation, computing resources, or other analysis tools. Management and coordination responsibility for the research activity planning and execution. Management activities to annotate (produce metadata), scrub data and maintain research data (including software code, where it is necessary for interpreting the data itself) for initial use and later reuse.Īpplication of statistical, mathematical, computational, or other formal techniques to analyze or synthesize study data.Īcquisition of the financial support for the project leading to this publication.Ĭonducting a research and investigation process, specifically performing the experiments, or data/evidence collection.ĭevelopment or design of methodology creation of models. Ideas formulation or evolution of overarching research goals and aims.
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